33 Creative problem solving is solving problems out of an ordinary and conventional way, allowing yourself to see outside the box and find solutions elsewhere in a unique way. 2.7.4 EDUCATION THROUGH SCIENCE Authors Holbrook and Rannikmäe, in particular, use the term Education through science, rather than Science through education. The differences between the two are that education through science is focused on the socio-scientific issues within society, while science through education is learning about fundamental scientific theories, laws and concepts. ETS is emphasising the relevance of science in the society and is trying to increase learners’ interest in the topics by speaking to the concrete issues and thus showing the importance and needs of science for societal existence, evolving and improving. ETS as well as STE aims to develop a positive attitude toward science, the difference is that ETS is arising from society and is taking learners’ understanding of that as an important part to be addressed and implemented in the educational process. Within ETS also the term scientific literacy is discussed. Scientific literacy in this context is being understood as more than just a knowledge and understanding of science, it sees the “responsible citizenry as a major focus in which scientific knowledge is used wisely for the benefit of society. It strongly includes the personal and social domains alongside the nature of science.” (Holbrook & Rannikmäe, 2007, p. 1347-1362). SCIENTIFIC LITERACY In the school context, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between scientific literacy and technological literacy, as the two go together (technology is not intended to simply refer to computers, or the simple acquisition of technical skills, but to the man-made materials and processes developed within society). In fact, for all practical purposes related to the teaching within schools, scientific literacy and technological literacy can be taken to be the same. This does not mean that science is the same as technology, far from it. But it does suggest that the conceptual knowledge, personal and society values inherent in the development of STL in this sense are indistinguishable (Holbrook & Rannikmäe, 2007).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NzYwNDE=